## edu.stanford.nlp.trees
Class EnglishGrammaticalRelations

    java.lang.Object
      edu.stanford.nlp.trees.EnglishGrammaticalRelations

    public class EnglishGrammaticalRelations

extends Object

`EnglishGrammaticalRelations` is a set of `GrammaticalRelation` objects for the English language.

Grammatical relations can either be shown in their basic form, where each input token receives a relation, or "collapsed" which does certain normalizations which group words or turns them into relations. See `EnglishGrammaticalStructure`. What is presented here mainly shows the basic form, though there is some mixture. The "collapsed" grammatical relations primarily differ as follows:

- Some multiword conjunctions and prepositions are treated as single words, and then processed as below.
- Prepositions do not appear as words but are turned into new "prep" or "prepc" grammatical relations, one for each preposition.
- Conjunctions do not appear as words but are turned into new "conj" grammatical relations, one for each conjunction.
- The possessive "'s" is deleted, leaving just the relation between the possessor and possessum.
- Agents is passive sentences are recognized and marked as agent and not as prep_by.

This set of English grammatical relations is not intended to be exhaustive or immutable. It's just where we're at now.

See `GrammaticalRelation` for details of fields and matching.

If using LexicalizedParser, it should be run with the `-retainTmpSubcategories` option and one of the `-splitTMP` options (e.g., `-splitTMP 1`) in order to get these temporal NP dependencies right!

Implementation note: To add a new grammatical relation:

- Governor nodes of the grammatical relations should be the lowest ones.
- Check the semantic head rules in SemanticHeadFinder and ModCollinsHeadFinder, both in the trees package.
- Create and define the GrammaticalRelation similarly to the others.
- Add it to the `values` array at the end of the file.

Author:
  Bill MacCartney, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher Manning, Galen Andrew (refactoring English-specific stuff)
See Also:
  `GrammaticalStructure`, `GrammaticalRelation`, `EnglishGrammaticalStructure`

Nested Class Summary
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AbbreviationModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AdjectivalComplementGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AdjectivalModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AdvClauseModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AdverbialModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AgentGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AppositionalModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ArgumentGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AttributiveGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AuxModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.AuxPassiveGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ClausalComplementGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ClausalPassiveSubjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ClausalSubjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ComplementGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ComplementizerGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ConjunctGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ControllingSubjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.CoordinationGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.CopulaGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.DeterminerGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.DirectObjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ExpletiveGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.IndirectObjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.InfinitivalModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.MarkerGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.MeasurePhraseGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.NegationModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.NominalPassiveSubjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.NominalSubjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.NounCompoundModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.NumberModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.NumericModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ObjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ParataxisGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ParticipialModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PhrasalVerbParticleGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PossessionModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PossessiveModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PreconjunctGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PredeterminerGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PredicateGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PrepositionalComplementGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PrepositionalModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PrepositionalObjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PunctuationGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.PurposeClauseModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.QuantifierModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.ReferentGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.RelativeClauseModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.RelativeGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.SemanticDependentGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.SubjectGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.TemporalModifierGRAnnotation`
`static class` `EnglishGrammaticalRelations.XClausalComplementGRAnnotation`

Field Summary
`static GrammaticalRelation` `ABBREVIATION_MODIFIER` The "abbreviation modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `ADJECTIVAL_COMPLEMENT` The "adjectival complement" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER` The "adjectival modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER` The "adverbial clause modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER` The "adverbial modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `AGENT` The "agent" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER` The "appositional modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `ARGUMENT` The "argument" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `ATTRIBUTIVE` The "attributive" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `AUX_MODIFIER` The "auxiliary" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER` The "passive auxiliary" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT` The "clausal complement" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT` The "clausal passive subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `CLAUSAL_SUBJECT` The "clausal subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `COMPLEMENT` The "complement" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `COMPLEMENTIZER` The "complementizer" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `CONJUNCT` The "conjunct" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `CONTROLLING_SUBJECT` The "controlling subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `COORDINATION` The "coordination" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `COPULA` The "copula" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `DETERMINER` The "determiner" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `DIRECT_OBJECT` The "direct object" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `EXPLETIVE` The "expletive" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `INDIRECT_OBJECT` The "indirect object" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `INFINITIVAL_MODIFIER` The "infinitival modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `MARKER` The "marker" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `MEASURE_PHRASE` The "measure-phrase" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `MODIFIER` The "modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `NEGATION_MODIFIER` The "negation modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT` The "nominal passive subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `NOMINAL_SUBJECT` The "nominal subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `NOUN_COMPOUND_MODIFIER` The "noun compound modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `NUMBER_MODIFIER` The "compound number modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `NUMERIC_MODIFIER` The "numeric modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `OBJECT` The "object" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PARATAXIS` The "parataxis" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PARTICIPIAL_MODIFIER` The "participial modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE` The "phrasal verb particle" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `POSSESSION_MODIFIER` The "possession" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `POSSESSIVE_MODIFIER` The "possessive" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PRECONJUNCT` The "preconjunct" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PREDETERMINER` The "predeterminer" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PREDICATE` The "predicate" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PREPOSITIONAL_COMPLEMENT` The "prepositional complement" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PREPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER` The "prepositional modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PREPOSITIONAL_OBJECT` The "prepositional object" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PUNCTUATION` The "punctuation" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `PURPOSE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER` The "purpose clause modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `QUANTIFIER_MODIFIER` The "quantifier phrase modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `REFERENT` The "referent" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `RELATIVE` The "relative" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER` The "relative clause modifier" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT` The "semantic dependent" grammatical relation has been introduced as a supertype for the controlling subject relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `SUBJECT` The "subject" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `TEMPORAL_MODIFIER` The "temporal modifier" grammatical relation.
`static ReadWriteLock` `valuesLock`
`static GrammaticalRelation` `XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT` An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a VP or an ADJP is a clausal complement without its own subject, whose reference is determined by an external subject.

Method Summary
`static GrammaticalRelation` `getConj(String conjunctionString)` The "conj" grammatical relation.
`static Collection<GrammaticalRelation>` `getConjs()`
`static GrammaticalRelation` `getPrep(String prepositionString)` The "prep" grammatical relation.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `getPrepC(String prepositionString)` The "prepc" grammatical relation.
`static Collection<GrammaticalRelation>` `getPreps()`
`static Collection<GrammaticalRelation>` `getPrepsC()`
`static void` `main(String[] args)` Prints out the English grammatical relations hierarchy.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `valueOf(Object o)` Returns an EnglishGrammaticalRelation based on the argument.
`static GrammaticalRelation` `valueOf(String s)` Returns the EnglishGrammaticalRelation having the given string representation (e.g.
`static List<GrammaticalRelation>` `values()`
`static List<GrammaticalRelation>` `values(boolean threadSafe)`
`static Lock` `valuesLock()`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### PREDICATE

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDICATE

  The "predicate" grammatical relation. The predicate of a clause is the main VP of that clause; the predicate of a subject is the predicate of the clause to which the subject belongs.

  Example:
  "Reagan died" → `pred`(Reagan, died)

### AUX_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_MODIFIER

  The "auxiliary" grammatical relation. An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause.

  Example:
  "Reagan has died" → `aux`(died, has)

### AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER

  The "passive auxiliary" grammatical relation. A passive auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause which contains the passive information.

  Example:
  "Kennedy has been killed" → `auxpass`(killed, been)

### COPULA

    public static final GrammaticalRelation COPULA

  The "copula" grammatical relation. A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and the copular verb.

  Examples:
  "Bill is big" → `cop`(big, is)
  "Bill is an honest man" → `cop`(man, is)

### CONJUNCT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation CONJUNCT

  The "conjunct" grammatical relation. A conjunct is the relation between two elements connected by a conjunction word. We treat conjunctions asymmetrically: The head of the relation is the first conjunct and other conjunctions depend on it via the conj relation.

  Example:
  "Bill is big and honest" → `conj`(big, honest)

  Note:Modified in 2010 to exclude the case of a CC/CONJP first in its phrase: it has to conjoin things.

### COORDINATION

    public static final GrammaticalRelation COORDINATION

  The "coordination" grammatical relation. A coordination is the relation between an element and a conjunction.

  Example:
  "Bill is big and honest." → `cc`(big, and)

### PUNCTUATION

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PUNCTUATION

  The "punctuation" grammatical relation. This is used for any piece of punctuation in a clause, if punctuation is being retained in the typed dependencies.

  Example:
  "Go home!" → `punct`(Go, !)

### ARGUMENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation ARGUMENT

  The "argument" grammatical relation. An argument of a VP is a subject or complement of that VP; an argument of a clause is an argument of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Example:
  "Clinton defeated Dole" → `arg`(defeated, Clinton), `arg`(defeated, Dole)

### SUBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation SUBJECT

  The "subject" grammatical relation. The subject of a VP is the noun or clause that performs or experiences the VP; the subject of a clause is the subject of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Examples:
  "Clinton defeated Dole" → `subj`(defeated, Clinton)
  "What she said is untrue" → `subj`(is, What she said)

### NOMINAL_SUBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_SUBJECT

  The "nominal subject" grammatical relation. A nominal subject is a subject which is an noun phrase.

  Example:
  "Clinton defeated Dole" → `nsubj`(defeated, Clinton)

### NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

  The "nominal passive subject" grammatical relation. A nominal passive subject is a subject of a passive which is an noun phrase.

  Example:
  "Dole was defeated by Clinton" → `nsubjpass`(defeated, Dole)

### CLAUSAL_SUBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_SUBJECT

  The "clausal subject" grammatical relation. A clausal subject is a subject which is a clause.

  Examples: (subject is "what she said" in both examples)
  "What she said makes sense" → `csubj`(makes, said)
  "What she said is untrue" → `csubj`(untrue, said)

### CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT

  The "clausal passive subject" grammatical relation. A clausal passive subject is a subject of a passive verb which is a clause.

  Example: (subject is "that she lied")
  "That she lied was suspected by everyone" → `csubjpass`(suspected, lied)

### COMPLEMENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation COMPLEMENT

  The "complement" grammatical relation. A complement of a VP is any object (direct or indirect) of that VP, or a clause or adjectival phrase which functions like an object; a complement of a clause is an complement of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Examples:
  "She gave me a raise" → `comp`(gave, me), `comp`(gave, a raise)
  "I like to swim" → `comp`(like, to swim)

### OBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation OBJECT

  The "object" grammatical relation. An object of a VP is any direct object or indirect object of that VP; an object of a clause is an object of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Examples:
  "She gave me a raise" → `obj`(gave, me), `obj`(gave, raise)

### DIRECT_OBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation DIRECT_OBJECT

  The "direct object" grammatical relation. The direct object of a VP is the noun phrase which is the (accusative) object of the verb; the direct object of a clause is the direct object of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Example:
  "She gave me a raise" → `dobj`(gave, raise)

### INDIRECT_OBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation INDIRECT_OBJECT

  The "indirect object" grammatical relation. The indirect object of a VP is the noun phrase which is the (dative) object of the verb; the indirect object of a clause is the indirect object of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Example:
  "She gave me a raise" → `iobj`(gave, me)

### PREPOSITIONAL_OBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITIONAL_OBJECT

  The "prepositional object" grammatical relation. The object of a preposition is the head of a noun phrase following the preposition, or the adverbs "here" and "there". (The preposition in turn may be modifying a noun, verb, etc.) We here define cases of VBG quasi-prepositions like "including", "concerning", etc. as instances of pobj (unlike the Penn Treebank).

  Example:
  "I sat on the chair" → `pobj`(on, chair)

  (The preposition can be called a FW for pace, versus, etc. It can also be called a CC - but we don't currently handle that and would need to distinguish from conjoined PPs. Jan 2010 update: We now insist that the NP must follow the preposition. This prevents a preceding NP measure phrase being matched as a pobj.)

### PREPOSITIONAL_COMPLEMENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITIONAL_COMPLEMENT

  The "prepositional complement" grammatical relation. The prepositional complement of a preposition is the head of a sentence following the preposition.

  Examples:
  "We have no useful information on whether users are at risk" &arr; `pcomp`(on, are)
  "They heard about you missing classes." &arr; `pcomp`(about, missing)

### ATTRIBUTIVE

    public static final GrammaticalRelation ATTRIBUTIVE

  The "attributive" grammatical relation. The attributive is the complement of a verb such as "to be, to seem, to appear".

### CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT

  The "clausal complement" grammatical relation. A clausal complement of a verb, adjective is a dependent clause with an internal subject which functions like an object of the verb, or adjective. Clausal complements for nouns are limited to complement clauses with a subset of nouns like "fact" or "report". We analyze them the same (parallel to the analysis of this class as "content clauses" in Huddleston and Pullum 2002). Clausal complements are usually finite (though there are occasional remnant English subjunctives).

  Example:
  "He says that you like to swim" → `ccomp`(says, like)
  "I am certain that he did it" → `ccomp`(certain, did)
  "I admire the fact that you are honest" → `ccomp`(fact, honest)

### XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT

  An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a VP or an ADJP is a clausal complement without its own subject, whose reference is determined by an external subject. These complements are always non-finite. The name \emph{xcomp} is borrowed from Lexical-Functional Grammar. (Only "TO-clause" are recognized.)

  Examples:
  "I like to swim" → `xcomp`(like, swim)
  "I am ready to leave" → `xcomp`(ready, leave)

### COMPLEMENTIZER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation COMPLEMENTIZER

  The "complementizer" grammatical relation. A complementizer of a clausal complement is the word introducing it.

  Example:
  "He says that you like to swim" → `complm`(like, that)

### MARKER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation MARKER

  The "marker" grammatical relation. A marker of an adverbial clausal complement is the word introducing it.

  Example:
  "U.S. forces have been engaged in intense fighting after insurgents launched simultaneous attacks" → `mark`(launched, after)

### RELATIVE

    public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE

  The "relative" grammatical relation. A relative of a relative clause is the head word of the WH-phrase introducing it.

  Examples:
  "I saw the man that you love" → `rel`(love, that)
  "I saw the man whose wife you love" → `rel`(love, wife)

  Note that this is designed to *not* match cases when there is no overt subject NP. They are instead matched by the nsubj rule. Effectively this gives us an HPSG-like relative clause analysis, where subject relatives are analyzed as regular subject structures.

### REFERENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation REFERENT

  The "referent" grammatical relation. A referent of the Wh-word of a NP is the relative word introducing the relative clause modifying the NP.

  Example:
  "I saw the book which you bought" → `ref`(book, which)
  "I saw the book the cover of which you designed" → `ref`(book, which)

### EXPLETIVE

    public static final GrammaticalRelation EXPLETIVE

  The "expletive" grammatical relation. This relation captures an existential there.

  Example:
  "There is a statue in the corner" → `expl`(is, there)

### ADJECTIVAL_COMPLEMENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation ADJECTIVAL_COMPLEMENT

  The "adjectival complement" grammatical relation. An adjectival complement of a VP is an adjectival phrase which functions as the complement (like an object of the verb); an adjectival complement of a clause is the adjectival complement of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Example:
  "She looks very beautiful" → `acomp`(looks, beautiful)

### MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation MODIFIER

  The "modifier" grammatical relation. A modifier of a VP is any constituent that serves to modify the meaning of the VP (but is not an `ARGUMENT` of that VP); a modifier of a clause is an modifier of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Examples:
  "Last night, I swam in the pool" → `mod`(swam, in the pool), `mod`(swam, last night)

### ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

  The "adverbial clause modifier" grammatical relation. An adverbial clause modifier of a VP is a clause modifying the verb (temporal clauses, consequences, conditional clauses, etc.).

  Examples:
  "The accident happened as the night was falling" → `advcl`(happened, falling)
  "If you know who did it, you should tell the teacher" → `advcl`(tell, know)

### PURPOSE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PURPOSE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

  The "purpose clause modifier" grammatical relation. A purpose clause modifier of a VP is a clause headed by "(in order) to" specifying a purpose. Note: at present we only recognize ones that have "in order to" as otherwise we can't give our surface representations distinguish these from xcomp's. We can also recognize "to" clauses introduced by "be VBN".

  Example:
  "He talked to the president in order to secure the account" → `purpcl`(talked, secure)

### TEMPORAL_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation TEMPORAL_MODIFIER

  The "temporal modifier" grammatical relation. A temporal modifier of a VP or an ADJP is any constituent that serves to modify the meaning of the VP or the ADJP by specifying a time; a temporal modifier of a clause is an temporal modifier of the VP which is the predicate of that clause.

  Example:
  "Last night, I swam in the pool" → `tmod`(swam, night)

### RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER

  The "relative clause modifier" grammatical relation. A relative clause modifier of an NP is a relative clause modifying the NP. The link points from the head noun of the NP to the head of the relative clause, normally a verb.

  Examples:
  "I saw the man you love" → `rcmod`(man, love)
  "I saw the book which you bought" → `rcmod`(book, bought)

### ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER

  The "adjectival modifier" grammatical relation. An adjectival modifier of an NP is any adjectival phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the NP.

  Example:
  "Sam eats red meat" → `amod`(meat, red)

### NUMERIC_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation NUMERIC_MODIFIER

  The "numeric modifier" grammatical relation. A numeric modifier of an NP is any number phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the NP.

  Example:
  "Sam eats 3 sheep" → `num`(sheep, 3)

### NUMBER_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation NUMBER_MODIFIER

  The "compound number modifier" grammatical relation. A compound number modifier is a part of a number phrase or currency amount.

  Example:
  "I lost $ 3.2 billion" → `number`($, billion)

### QUANTIFIER_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation QUANTIFIER_MODIFIER

  The "quantifier phrase modifier" grammatical relation. A quantifier modifier is an element modifying the head of a QP constituent.

  Example:
  "About 200 people came to the party" → `quantmod`(200, About)

### NOUN_COMPOUND_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation NOUN_COMPOUND_MODIFIER

  The "noun compound modifier" grammatical relation. A noun compound modifier of an NP is any noun that serves to modify the head noun. Note that this has all nouns modify the rightmost a la Penn headship rules. There is no intelligent noun compound analysis.

  Example:
  "Oil price futures" → `nn`(futures, oil), `nn`(futures, price)

### APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER

  The "appositional modifier" grammatical relation. An appositional modifier of an NP is an NP that serves to modify the meaning of the NP. It includes parenthesized examples

  Examples:
  "Sam, my brother, eats red meat" → `appos`(Sam, brother)
  "Bill (John's cousin)" → `appos`(Bill, cousin)

### ABBREVIATION_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation ABBREVIATION_MODIFIER

  The "abbreviation modifier" grammatical relation. An abbreviation modifier of an NP is a parenthesized NP that serves to abbreviate the NP (or to define an abbreviation). Abbreviations are recognized either by being deemed proper nouns or by matching a regex pattern.

  Example:
  "The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)" → `abbrev`(Corporation, ABC)

### PARTICIPIAL_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PARTICIPIAL_MODIFIER

  The "participial modifier" grammatical relation. A participial modifier of an NP or VP is a VP[part] that serves to modify the meaning of the NP or VP.

  Examples:
  "truffles picked during the spring are tasty" → `partmod`(truffles, picked)
  "Bill picked Fred for the team demonstrating his incompetence" → `partmod`(picked, demonstrating)

### INFINITIVAL_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation INFINITIVAL_MODIFIER

  The "infinitival modifier" grammatical relation. An infinitival modifier of an NP is an S/VP that serves to modify the meaning of the NP.

  Example:
  "points to establish are ..." → `infmod`(points, establish)

### ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER

  The "adverbial modifier" grammatical relation. An adverbial modifier of a word is a (non-clausal) RB or ADVP that serves to modify the meaning of the word.

  Examples:
  "genetically modified food" → `advmod`(modified, genetically)
  "less often" → `advmod`(often, less)

### NEGATION_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation NEGATION_MODIFIER

  The "negation modifier" grammatical relation. The negation modifier is the relation between a negation word and the word it modifies.

  Examples:
  "Bill is not a scientist" → `neg`(scientist, not)
  "Bill doesn't drive" → `neg`(drive, n't)

### MEASURE_PHRASE

    public static final GrammaticalRelation MEASURE_PHRASE

  The "measure-phrase" grammatical relation. The measure-phrase is the relation between the head of an ADJP/ADVP and the head of a measure-phrase modifying the ADJP/ADVP.

  Example:
  "The director is 65 years old" → `measure`(old, years)

### DETERMINER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation DETERMINER

  The "determiner" grammatical relation.

  Examples:
  "The man is here" → `det`(man,the)
  "Which man do you prefer?" → `det`(man,which)

### PREDETERMINER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDETERMINER

  The "predeterminer" grammatical relation.

  Example:
  "All the boys are here" → `predet`(boys,all)

### PRECONJUNCT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PRECONJUNCT

  The "preconjunct" grammatical relation.

  Example:
  "Both the boys and the girls are here" → `preconj`(boys,both)

### POSSESSION_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation POSSESSION_MODIFIER

  The "possession" grammatical relation.

  Examples:
  "their offices" → `poss`(offices, their)
  "Bill 's clothes" → `poss`(clothes, Bill)

### POSSESSIVE_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation POSSESSIVE_MODIFIER

  The "possessive" grammatical relation.

  Example:
  "John's book" → `possessive`(John, 's)

### PREPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER

  The "prepositional modifier" grammatical relation. A prepositional modifier of a verb, adjective, or noun is any prepositional phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the verb, adjective, or noun.

  Examples:
  "I saw a cat in a hat" → `prep`(cat, in)
  "I saw a cat with a telescope" → `prep`(saw, with)
  "He is responsible for meals" → `prep`(responsible, for)

### PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE

  The "phrasal verb particle" grammatical relation. The "phrasal verb particle" relation identifies phrasal verb.

  Example:
  "They shut down the station." → `prt`(shut, down)

### PARATAXIS

    public static final GrammaticalRelation PARATAXIS

  The "parataxis" grammatical relation. Relation between the main verb of a sentence and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a sentence after a ":" or a ";" etc.

  Examples:
  "The guy, John said, left early in the morning." → `parataxis`(left,said)
  "

### SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT

  The "semantic dependent" grammatical relation has been introduced as a supertype for the controlling subject relation.

### CONTROLLING_SUBJECT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation CONTROLLING_SUBJECT

  The "controlling subject" grammatical relation.

  A controlling subject is the relation between the head of an xcomp and the external subject of that clause.

  Example:
  "Tom likes to eat fish" → `xsubj`(eat, Tom)

### AGENT

    public static final GrammaticalRelation AGENT

  The "agent" grammatical relation. The agent of a passive VP is the complement introduced by "by" and doing the action.

  Example:
  "The man has been killed by the police" → `agent`(killed, police)

### valuesLock

    public static final ReadWriteLock valuesLock

Method Detail

### values

    public static List<GrammaticalRelation> values()

### values

    public static List<GrammaticalRelation> values(boolean threadSafe)

### valuesLock

    public static Lock valuesLock()

### getConjs

    public static Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getConjs()

### getConj

    public static GrammaticalRelation getConj(String conjunctionString)

  The "conj" grammatical relation. Used to collapse conjunct relations. They will be turned into conj_word, where "word" is a conjunction. NOTE: Because these relations lack associated GrammaticalRelationAnnotations, they cannot be arcs of a TreeGraphNode.

  Parameters:
    `conjunctionString` - The conjunction to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
  Returns:
    A grammatical relation for this conjunction

### getPreps

    public static Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getPreps()

### getPrepsC

    public static Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getPrepsC()

### getPrep

    public static GrammaticalRelation getPrep(String prepositionString)

  The "prep" grammatical relation. Used to collapse prepositions.

  They will be turned into prep_word, where "word" is a preposition NOTE: Because these relations lack associated GrammaticalRelationAnnotations, they cannot be arcs of a TreeGraphNode.

  Parameters:
    `prepositionString` - The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
  Returns:
    A grammatical relation for this preposition

### getPrepC

    public static GrammaticalRelation getPrepC(String prepositionString)

  The "prepc" grammatical relation. Used to collapse preposition complements.

  They will be turned into prep_word, where "word" is a preposition NOTE: Because these relations lack associated GrammaticalRelationAnnotations, they cannot be arcs of a TreeGraphNode.

  Parameters:
    `prepositionString` - The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out of
  Returns:
    A grammatical relation for this preposition

### valueOf

    public static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(String s)

  Returns the EnglishGrammaticalRelation having the given string representation (e.g. "nsubj"), or null if no such is found.

  Parameters:
    `s` - The short name of the GrammaticalRelation
  Returns:
    The EnglishGrammaticalRelation with that name

### valueOf

    public static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(Object o)

  Returns an EnglishGrammaticalRelation based on the argument. It works if passed a GrammaticalRelation or the String representation of one (e.g. "nsubj"). It returns `null` for other classes or if no string match is found.

  Parameters:
    `o` - A GrammaticalRelation or String
  Returns:
    The EnglishGrammaticalRelation with that name

### main

    public static void main(String[] args)

  Prints out the English grammatical relations hierarchy. See `EnglishGrammaticalStructure` for a main method that will print the grammatical relations of a sentence or tree.

  Parameters:
    `args` - Args are ignored.

Stanford NLP Group