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## edu.stanford.nlp.process
Class Morphology

    java.lang.Object
      edu.stanford.nlp.process.Morphology

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Function

    public class Morphology

extends Object
implements Function

Morphology computes the base form of English words, by removing just inflections (not derivational morphology). That is, it only does noun plurals, pronoun case, and verb endings, and not things like comparative adjectives or derived nominals. It is based on a finite-state transducer implemented by John Carroll et al., written in flex and publicly available. See: http://www.informatics.susx.ac.uk/research/nlp/carroll/morph.html . There are several ways of invoking Morphology. One is by calling the static methods WordTag stemStatic(String word, String tag) or WordTag stemStatic(WordTag wordTag). If we have created a Morphology object already we can use the methods WordTag stem(String word, string tag) or WordTag stem(WordTag wordTag).

Another way of using Morphology is to run it on an input file by running `java Morphology filename`. In this case, POS tags must be separated from words by an underscore ("_").

Author:
  Kristina Toutanova (kristina@cs.stanford.edu), Christopher Manning

Constructor Summary
`Morphology()`
`Morphology(Reader in)` Process morphologically words from a Reader.
`Morphology(String filename)`

Method Summary
`Object` | `apply(Object in)` Converts a T1 to a different T2.
`WordLemmaTag` | `lemmatize(WordTag wT)` Lemmatize returning a `WordLemmaTag` .
`static WordLemmaTag` | `lemmatizeStatic(WordTag wT)`
`static void` | `main(String[] args)` Run the morphological analyzer.
`Word` | `next()`
`String` | `stem(String word)`
`WordTag` | `stem(String word, String tag)`
`static WordTag` | `stem(String word, String tag, edu.stanford.nlp.process.Morpha lexer, boolean lowercase)` Lemmatize the word, being sensitive to the tag, using the passed in lexer.
`Word` | `stem(Word w)`
`WordTag` | `stem(WordTag wT)`
`static WordTag` | `stemStatic(String word, String tag)` Return a new WordTag which has the lemma as the value of word().
`static WordTag` | `stemStatic(String word, String tag, boolean lowercase)`
`static WordTag` | `stemStatic(WordTag wT)` Return a new WordTag which has the lemma as the value of word().
`static WordTag` | `stemStaticSynchronized(String word, String tag)`
`static WordTag` | `stemStaticSynchronized(String word, String tag, boolean lowercase)`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Constructor Detail

### Morphology

    public Morphology()

### Morphology

    public Morphology(Reader in)

  Process morphologically words from a Reader.

  Parameters:
    `in` - The Reader to read from

### Morphology

    public Morphology(String filename)

Method Detail

### next

    public Word next()
              throws IOException

  Throws:
    `IOException`

### stem

    public Word stem(Word w)

### stem

    public String stem(String word)

### stem

    public WordTag stem(WordTag wT)

### stem

    public WordTag stem(String word,
                        String tag)

### stem

    public static WordTag stem(String word,
                               String tag,
                               edu.stanford.nlp.process.Morpha lexer,
                               boolean lowercase)

  Lemmatize the word, being sensitive to the tag, using the passed in lexer.

  Parameters:
    `lowercase` - If this is true, words other than proper nouns will be changed to all lowercase.

### stemStatic

    public static WordTag stemStatic(String word,
                                     String tag)

  Return a new WordTag which has the lemma as the value of word(). The default is to lowercase non-proper-nouns, unless options have been set.

### stemStatic

    public static WordTag stemStatic(String word,
                                     String tag,
                                     boolean lowercase)

### stemStaticSynchronized

    public static WordTag stemStaticSynchronized(String word,
                                                 String tag)

### stemStaticSynchronized

    public static WordTag stemStaticSynchronized(String word,
                                                 String tag,
                                                 boolean lowercase)

### stemStatic

    public static WordTag stemStatic(WordTag wT)

  Return a new WordTag which has the lemma as the value of word(). The default is to lowercase non-proper-nouns, unless options have been set.

### apply

    public Object apply(Object in)

  Description copied from interface: `Function`
  Converts a T1 to a different T2. For example, a Parser will convert a Sentence to a Tree. A Tagger will convert a Sentence to a TaggedSentence.

  Specified by:
    `apply` in interface `Function`
  Parameters:
    `in` - The function's argument
  Returns:
    The function's evaluated value

### lemmatize

    public WordLemmaTag lemmatize(WordTag wT)

  Lemmatize returning a `WordLemmaTag` .

### lemmatizeStatic

    public static WordLemmaTag lemmatizeStatic(WordTag wT)

### main

    public static void main(String[] args)
                     throws IOException

  Run the morphological analyzer. Options are:
  - -rebuildVerbTable verbTableFile Convert a verb table from a text file (e.g., /u/nlp/data/morph/verbstem.list) to Java code contained in Morpha.flex .
  - -stem args ... Stem each of the following arguments, which should either be in the form of just word or word/tag.
  - args ... Each argument is a file and the contents of it are stemmed as space-separated tokens. Note: If the tokens are tagged words, they must be in the format of whitespace separated word_tag pairs.

  Throws:
    `IOException`

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Stanford NLP Group